Cùng với phong trào phát triển chăn nuôi gia súc, sản xuất ngô tại nhiều nơi ở Sơn La ngày càng chuyển dịch mạnh sang ngô sinh khối cho giá trị cao.
Ngô lấy hạt “hết thời”, ngô sinh khối lên ngôi
Với lợi thế đất đai, địa hình cao nguyên trải dài, Mai Sơn từng là vựa ngô lớn của tỉnh Sơn La. Tuy nhiên những năm gần đây, cùng với việc chuyển dịch mạnh mẽ quỹ đất trồng ngô sang cây ăn quả có giá trị cao, việc sản xuất ngô ở Mai Sơn đã và đang chuyển dịch theo hướng giá trị cao hơn từ ngô lấy hạt sang trồng ngô sinh khối nhằm phục vụ chăn nuôi.
Theo UBND huyện Mai Sơn, việc giá một số gia súc ăn cỏ như trâu, bò, dê luôn cao và ổn định giúp phong trào chăn nuôi trên địa bàn phát triển. Hiện tổng đàn gia súc toàn huyện đạt trên 200.000 con, trong đó các gia súc ăn cỏ đều tăng mạnh như trâu 35.000 con, bò 30.000 con, dê 30.000 con.
Xã Hát Lót là một trong những địa phương phát triển mạnh chăn nuôi gia súc của huyện Mai Sơn. Trong điều kiện quỹ đất chăn thả gia súc ngày càng thu hẹp, những năm qua, nhiều hộ dân trên địa bàn xã đã chuyển đổi từ chăn nuôi nhỏ lẻ, chăn thả tự nhiên sang chăn nuôi trang trại tập trung. Nhu cầu về thức ăn thô xanh, nhất là trồng ngô sinh khối phục vụ chăn nuôi đang được đẩy mạnh.
Anh Nguyễn Đình Duẩn, thôn 6, xã Chiềng Mung (huyện Mai Sơn) đầu tư xây dựng 1.000m2 chuồng trại, nuôi trên 100 con trâu, bò các loại, chủ yếu là nuôi bò lai BBB sinh trưởng nhanh, trọng lượng từ 5-7 tạ/con (giống bò địa phương chỉ 2-3 tạ/con). Anh Duẩn đã trồng ngô và thu mua thêm ngô sinh khối cho đàn bò.
Ông Nguyễn Đức Lâm ở xã Hát Lót cho biết: Gần 20 năm gắn bó cây ngô, chủ yếu trước đây trồng ngô để thu hoạch bắp, giá ngô (nguyên bắp) bán cho các đại lý thu mua chỉ từ 2.000-3.500 đồng/kg (phụ thuộc vào độ tươi của bắp). Tuy nhiên vài năm gần đây, phong trào chăn nuôi phát triển, gia đình ông cũng như nhiều hộ đã chuyển từ trồng ngô lấy hạt sang trồng ngô sinh khối bán cho các hộ chăn nuôi.
Theo ông Lâm, năng suất ngô sinh khối (giai đoạn thu bắp chín sáp) đạt trung bình 50 tấn/ha, giá thu mua bình quân 800-1.000 đ/kg, trừ chi phí cho lợi nhuận bình quân 25 triệu đồng/ha/lứa chỉ trong khoảng 3 tháng. Trồng ngô sinh khối vừa có thời gian thu hoạch ngắn, vừa không đòi hỏi khắt khe về mùa vụ nên mỗi năm, có thể trồng được từ 2-3 vụ, cho thu nhập từ 50-80 triệu đồng/ha/năm.
Trồng ngô sinh khối có nhiều lợi thế, thu nhập cao hơn ngô lấy hạt. Ảnh: Huy Hoàng
“Trồng ngô lấy hạt, vừa tốn công thu hoạch, dọn ruộng, mà lợi nhuận hiện cao lắm chỉ 10 triệu đồng/ha, thời gian trồng dài. Trong khi ngô sinh khối lợi nhuận cao gấp đôi, lại tiết kiệm được công thu hoạch cũng như phơi, bảo quản hạt…” – ông Lâm so sánh.
Ông Cầm Văn Thắng, Trưởng phòng NN-PTNT huyện Mai Sơn đánh giá, ngành chăn nuôi gia súc ăn cỏ như trâu, bò, dê của huyện Mai Sơn đang tạo đột phá về kinh tế, đặc biệt là gắn liền với sản xuất thức ăn thô xanh, trong đó có cây ngô sinh khối. chăn nuôi đại gia súc nhốt chuồng, kết hợp phát triển trồng cỏ, trồng ngô sinh khối cũng đảm bảo dịch bệnh so với thả rông trước đây.
Thời gian tới, huyện Mai Sơn tiếp tục tập trung phát triển đàn gia súc theo mô hình hợp tác xã, tổ hợp tác. Đặc biệt, phát triển đàn gia súc ở các xã vùng cao như Chiềng Nơi, Phiêng Cằm, Phiêng Pằn có tiềm năng phát triển nuôi bò nhốt chuồng, trồng cây thức ăn xanh.
Giống ngô GS9989, sự lựa chọn tốt để trồng ngô sinh khối
Nhằm lựa chọn giống ngô sinh khối cho năng suất, chất lượng cao, phù hợp với điều kiện khí hậu của địa phương để phục vụ phát triển chăn nuôi gia súc ăn cỏ tại địa bàn, vụ hè thu năm 2020, Phòng NN-PTNT huyện Mai Sơn phối hợp với UBND xã Hát Lót và viện Nghiên cứu Ngô đã triển khai xây dựng mô hình sản xuất giống ngô sinh khối GS9989 do viện Nghiên cứu Ngô lai tạo.
Trong điều kiện vụ hè thu 2020 tại Sơn La nắng hạn khốc liệt kéo dài, giống ngô GS9989 đã thể hiện được khả năng chống chịu nắng hạn rất tốt, cây to khỏe, rễ chân kiềng nhiều nên chống đổ tốt, cây cao thoáng nên ít bị rệp cờ, sạch bệnh. Giống có khả năng thích ứng rộng, có thể trồng trên đất đồi dốc, nhất là khả năng chịu hạn rất tốt.
GS9989 là giống ngô phù hợp với phát triển ngô sinh khối, được nông dân đánh giá cao. Ảnh: Huy Hoàng
Đặc biệt, giống GS9989 có những đặc điểm rất phù hợp để làm thức ăn sinh khối cho gia súc như: Thời gian sinh trưởng ngắn (chín sáp từ 90-95 ngày), bắp to, chịu được trồng mật độ dày, bắp kết hạt tốt, khi bắp chín sáp thân, lá vẫn xanh… Theo đánh giá, năng suất sinh khối của giống GS9989 (vụ hè thu) được trồng tại xã Hát Lót trung bình khoảng 61 tấn/ha, cao hơn các giống đối chứng 2-3 tấn/ha…
Chị Lò Thị Uân, xã Hát Lót cho biết: 2-3 năm gần đây, các đại lí đã hạn chế mua ngô hạt do giá thấp. Trong khi đó, nhu cầu thu mua ngô sinh khối ngày càng tăng nên nhiều hộ dân trong xã đã chuyển sang trồng. Giống ngô GS9989 cho bắp to, trồng được mật độ dày, năng suất sinh khối rất cao. “Vụ hè thu vừa qua tôi trồng giống GS9989 thu gần 30 triệu đồng, cao gấp đôi so với ngô hạt” – chị Uân cho biết.
Theo ông Cầm Văn Thắng, Trưởng phòng NN-PTNT huyện Mai Sơn: Do sản xuất ngô tại địa phương miền núi không chủ động được nước tưới, diễn biến thời tiết ngày càng thất thường, nhất là nắng hạn nên yêu cầu giống ngô sinh khối có năng suất thô xanh cao, sinh trưởng ngắn, còn phải chịu hạn tốt. Qua đánh giá, giống GS9989 có triển vọng tốt để trồng sinh khối, có thể tiếp tục mở rộng sản xuất trong thời gian tới.
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